It's an open-source system for monitoring services and alerts based on a time series data model. Prometheus collects data and metrics from different services and stores them according to a unique identifier—the metric name—and a time stamp.
What is the Architecture of Prometheus Monitoring?
The architecture of Prometheus Monitoring:
Prometheus follows a simple and effective architecture designed for monitoring applications and services in a scalable and reliable manner. It consists of the following components:
Prometheus Server: This is the core component responsible for data collection, storage, querying, and alerting. It scrapes metrics from various targets at regular intervals.
Exporters: Exporters are agents or libraries that run alongside your applications and expose metrics in a format Prometheus can understand. They act as bridges between Prometheus and the services you want to monitor.
Targets: These are the endpoints or entities (such as servers, containers, or applications) from which Prometheus collects metrics. Targets are configured in the Prometheus server.
Alertmanager: This component handles alerts generated by Prometheus. It allows you to define alerting rules, group alerts, and send notifications via various channels like email, Slack, or custom webhooks.
Pushgateway: In cases where it's not possible to use the pull model (e.g., for short-lived jobs or batch processes), the Pushgateway accepts metrics pushed from these jobs and makes them available for scraping by Prometheus.
Grafana (Optional): While not a native Prometheus component, Grafana is often used alongside Prometheus for visualization and dashboarding. It provides a rich and interactive interface for exploring and visualizing Prometheus data.
What are the Features of Prometheus?
Features of Prometheus:Prometheus offers several powerful features for monitoring:
Multi-dimensional Data Model: Metrics are stored as key-value pairs, enabling flexible querying and aggregation.
PromQL Query Language: PromQL allows complex queries, facilitating the creation of custom dashboards and alerts.
Scalability: Prometheus is horizontally scalable, allowing you to add more servers to handle increased workloads.
Service Discovery: It can dynamically discover and monitor targets, making it suitable for dynamic environments like container orchestration platforms (e.g., Kubernetes).
Alerting: Prometheus supports alerting based on predefined rules, helping you proactively respond to issues.
Data Retention: You can configure data retention periods, ensuring efficient storage management.
What are the Components of Prometheus?
Components of Prometheus:Prometheus server: the main Prometheus server which scrapes and stores time series data
Client libraries: client libraries for instrumenting application code
Push gateway: a push gateway for supporting short-lived jobs
Exporters: special-purpose exporters for services like HAProxy, StatsD, Graphite, etc.
Alertmanager: an alertmanager to handle alerts
What database is used by Prometheus?
Prometheus has its own time-series database, which is designed for efficient storage and querying of time-series data. It doesn't use external databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL by default.What is the default data retention period in Prometheus?
The default data retention period in Prometheus is approximately 15 days. However, you can configure this period according to your specific needs by adjusting the retention policies.
Ref: https://www.devopsschool.com/blog/top-50-prometheus-interview-questions-and-answers/
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